The holiday season is approaching—a time that often comes with travel plans. But for many immigrants in the United States, travel—whether across state lines or across borders—can be stressful and even risky. With changing immigration policies and increased enforcement in certain areas, it’s important to plan ahead and understand what travel could mean for your specific situation.
Below, we’ve outlined some key things to keep in mind for both domestic and international travel.
Traveling Domestically Within the U.S.
For most people, traveling within the U.S. is as simple as booking a flight or getting in the car. But for immigrants—especially those who are undocumented or have pending cases—even domestic travel can carry real risks. Here are a few things to consider when traveling within the U.S.
Border Checkpoints
Many people are surprised to learn that Customs and Border Protection (CBP) operates immigration checkpoints up to 100 miles from any U.S. border, including coastlines. That means parts of states like Florida, California, and Texas—and even parts of Maine and Michigan—fall within what’s called the “border zone.”
If you are stopped by CBP in one of these areas, officers may ask questions about your status. You are only required to share your name and identification. You have the right to remain silent and do not need to answer questions about your citizenship, immigration history, or how you entered the U.S.
Carrying Valid ID
If you have a visa, a pending immigration case, or lawful permanent resident (LPR) status, always travel with proof of your immigration status—such as your green card, work permit, or a copy of your receipt notice. This can help avoid unnecessary complications during travel.
Local Laws
Some states and local police departments cooperate closely with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Even a minor traffic stop could potentially lead to questions about immigration status. Research the laws in the areas you’ll be traveling through and, if possible, plan routes that minimize risk.
Airport Security
Air travel within the U.S. can present unique challenges. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) can share information with ICE and CBP, and some airports use facial recognition technology at checkpoints. You may decline this, but that could lead to additional screening. Bring physical identification and allow extra time.
Traveling Internationally Outside the U.S.
International travel carries even greater risk. Re-entering the U.S. is never guaranteed—even for those with legal status—and the rules can change at any time.
Here are a few general guidelines based on immigration status:
Lawful Permanent Residents (Green Card Holders)
- You can generally travel freely, but avoid absences longer than six months, as this can raise questions about abandoning your residency.
- Do not travel if you have pending criminal charges or past convictions without first speaking to an immigration attorney.
- Carry certified court records (“dispositions”) if you have any past arrests.
- Be cautious with social media and personal devices when returning to the U.S.—CBP can search them.
Visa Holders
- Check whether your visa allows you to re-enter the U.S. after travel. Some visas require new applications or additional paperwork for re-entry.
- Make sure your visa and passport will remain valid for the entire duration of your trip and return.
DACA, TPS, or Other Temporary Status Holders
- International travel is only possible if you have Advance Parole—official permission to leave and re-enter the U.S.
- Even with Advance Parole, re-entry is never guaranteed. Speak to an attorney before traveling, and make sure your paperwork is approved before departure.
Undocumented Immigrants
- Unfortunately, international travel is extremely risky and not recommended. Leaving the U.S. without status or advance parole will prevent you from returning lawfully.
Protect Yourself Before You Travel
No matter where you’re headed, preparation is key. Here are a few things to keep in mind before hitting the road:
- Get legal advice: Talk to an immigration attorney before making any travel plans—especially if you’re uncertain about your status or have pending cases.
- Create a safety plan: Memorize important phone numbers, protect your phone with a passcode instead of a fingerprint or face scan, and share your travel plans with trusted contacts.
- Set up a power of attorney: If you have children, consider a Power of Attorney (POA) to designate who can care for your children if something unexpected happens.
- Know your rights: You have the right to remain silent, refuse a search without a warrant, and speak to an attorney. Never sign documents you don’t understand.
Final Thoughts
Whether your holiday plans include visiting family in another state or another country, traveling as an immigrant in the U.S. comes with unique challenges. Policies and enforcement priorities can change quickly, so it’s best to prepare and seek legal guidance before making travel decisions.
At Hope Immigration, we know that travel is about more than just getting from one place to another—it’s about connection, culture, and family. If you’re thinking about traveling this holiday season, we’re here to help you make informed and safe decisions.