Becoming a U.S. citizen is a dream for many immigrants, but some worry that language barriers might prevent them from achieving it. If you or a loved one has concerns about the English language requirement for naturalization, you may be relieved to know that exemptions are available. These are based on age, length of time as a permanent resident, and certain medical conditions. They ensure that those who have been long-term residents or who have significant medical challenges still have a fair and accessible path to citizenship.
With immigration policy changing by the day, securing U.S. citizenship is the ultimate protection against uncertainty. That is why we want to make sure that those who wish to become citizens but believe it is out of reach due to language or medical hurdles are aware of possible exemptions and opportunities to naturalize. Becoming a citizen ensures stability, security, and the full rights granted under U.S. law.
Language Exemptions to the English and Civics Test
The U.S. government recognizes that some long-term residents may face challenges in learning English. Because of this, certain applicants are exempt from the English requirement if they meet certain criteria.
50/20 Rule
If you are 50 years old or older and have been a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) for at least 20 years, you do not have to take the English test. You can take the civics test in your native language with the help of an interpreter. This exemption acknowledges that many older immigrants have contributed to their communities for decades but may not have had the opportunity to fully learn English.
55/15 Rule
If you are 55 years old or older and have been a lawful permanent resident for at least 15 years, you are exempt from the English test and can take the civics test in your native language with an interpreter. This helps individuals who have lived and worked in the U.S. for a significant period but may still struggle with language acquisition.
65/20 Rule
If you are 65 years old or older and have been a lawful permanent resident for at least 20 years, you qualify for the exemption and get to take a simplified version of the civics test in your native language. The simplified test consists of 20 instead of 100 possible questions.
While you may be exempt from the language requirements, you must still demonstrate knowledge of U.S. history and government. However, you can do so in a language you are comfortable with. This ensures that all new citizens understand the rights and responsibilities that come with U.S. citizenship.
Medical Exemptions to the English and Civics Test
If you have a medical condition or disability that makes it difficult to learn English or study for the civics test, you may qualify for an exemption. This requires filing Form N-648, Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions, which must be completed by a licensed medical doctor, doctor of osteopathy, or clinical psychologist. The condition must be long-term (lasting at least 12 months) and significantly impair your ability to learn English or civics.
Some examples of qualifying medical conditions include:
- Dementia or Alzheimer’s disease
- Severe PTSD or trauma-related cognitive impairments
- Developmental disabilities
- Stroke or brain injuries that impair learning and memory
It’s important to work with a knowledgeable doctor who understands the form’s requirements to ensure that it is properly completed and submitted to USCIS. If the form is not detailed enough or lacks proper medical evidence, it may be rejected.
If You Have No Applicable Exemptions
If you do not qualify for an exemption, you must complete the interview in English. This includes all required aspects, including the civics, writing, reading, and speaking tests. Here’s what to expect:
- Speaking Test: A USCIS officer will ask you questions about your application and background to assess your ability to communicate in English. The questions are typically simple and related to your personal history, such as “Where do you live?” or “How did you come to the U.S.?”
- Reading Test: You will be asked to read one out of three sentences correctly in English. The sentences are usually straightforward, such as “The President lives in the White House.”
- Writing Test: You must write one out of three sentences correctly in English. This test evaluates your basic writing skills, and the sentences are usually simple, such as “Citizens can vote in elections.”
- Civics Test: You will be asked up to 10 questions about U.S. history and government. You must correctly answer at least six. The questions cover topics such as the U.S. Constitution, branches of government, historical events, and civic duties. A study guide with 100 possible questions is available to help applicants prepare.
How to Prepare for the Citizenship Test
If you need to take the English and civics tests, preparation is key. Here are some resources and tips:
- Free English and Civics Classes: Many local community centers, libraries, and nonprofit organizations offer free classes to help applicants prepare for the naturalization test.
- USCIS Study Materials: The U.S. government provides free study guides, flashcards, and online resources to help you practice for the test.
- Practice with Friends and Family: Speaking English regularly and reviewing civics questions with friends or family can help build confidence.
- Online Practice Tests: There are many websites and mobile apps that offer sample questions and practice exams to help you prepare.
Conclusion
If you’ve been hesitant to apply for U.S. citizenship because of language concerns, you may still have options. Whether through an age-based exemption, a medical exception, or preparation and study, there is a path forward. Becoming a U.S. citizen opens doors to new opportunities, including the right to vote, travel with a U.S. passport, and petition for family members to immigrate.
If you have questions about your eligibility for these exemptions or need guidance on the naturalization process, our team at Hope Immigration is here to help. We understand that the process can be overwhelming, and we are committed to making it as smooth and stress-free as possible. Reach out to us today to discuss your case and take the next step toward becoming a U.S. citizen!